The idea of ​​freedom is embedded in Indian poetry

Rabindranath Tagore’s Where the mind is without fear shows how deeply the concept of freedom is embedded in Indian poetry. While our discourse on independence often focuses on the historical struggle against colonial rule, Indian poets have long explored the multiple dimensions of freedom – from the personal to the social, economic, spiritual and political.

The idea of ​​economic freedom has been embedded in Indian poetry for centuries. As early as 500 AD, the poet Thiruvalluvar posed the question, “Inmaiyin Innathathu Yaadhenin?” (What is worse than poverty?) in his Thirukkural, a classic Tamil text composed of verses. His answer that poverty itself is the worst fate reflects the centuries-old struggle against economic hardship that continues to shape our society today.

But freedom in the Indian poetic tradition goes far beyond material concerns. In the area of ​​social emancipation, the 12th century Kannada poet Akka Mahadevi is considered a symbol of resistance. She rejected the constraints of marriage and embarked on a spiritual journey. Her long curls covered her naked body as a symbol of renunciation.

In her Vachana Kaaya Meesalagi NinagarpitavaayittuaMahadevi boldly affirms women's right to self-determination and challenges the patriarchal structures that sought to oppress her. She declares that her body belongs only to the God who resides in her heart (Chenna Mallikarjuna), a radical statement of personal and spiritual autonomy.

Two centuries later, the Marathi poet Chokhamela tackled another form of social oppression – the caste system. Composed by the marginalized Mahar community, Chokhamela's abhangs (religious hymns) reflect the struggle of those denied access to sacred places.

In Abhir Gulaal Udhalitha Rank Rankhe vividly describes the deity dancing amidst the colorful powder scattered in the air and asks to be allowed to catch at least a glimpse from the temple's doorstep. His words reflect the universal yearning for dignity and inclusion and challenge us to confront the persistent inequalities in our society.

The pursuit of spiritual freedom finds powerful expression in the works of the 15th century mystical poet Kabir. His Doha Nirbhay Nirgun calls us to be fearless in our quest for liberation. Kabir's verses transcend the boundaries of organized religion, calling us to embrace the formless Divine with unwavering courage and inspiring seekers to cast off the shackles of fear and conformity.

In the Carnatic tradition, the 19th-century composer Tyagaraja explores freedom as a deeply spiritual quest. His composition Mokshamu Galada raises a profound question: Can one attain salvation without looking within? This longing for a higher level of consciousness is in keeping with the universal human desire to transcend the limits of the physical self.

In the 20th century, Tagore took us back to a more personal view of freedom. Khaanchar Paakhi Chilo, Tagore describes a conversation between two birds and prompts us to consider whether true freedom lies in being imprisoned or free. This metaphor evokes the conflict between the security of the known and the lure of the limitless – a dilemma that is as relevant in our rapidly changing world as it was in Tagore's time.

As we grapple with the complexities of identity and belonging in modern India, the timeless wisdom of these poets offers us both comfort and challenge. They challenge us to expand our understanding of freedom beyond the political narrative and to consider the personal, social, economic and spiritual dimensions of emancipation.

Her words remind us that freedom is not just a destination, but an ongoing exploration of our interconnectedness and potential as human beings. As we celebrate our nation's independence, we should also embrace this rich poetic heritage that invites us to continually redefine and pursue freedom in all its forms.

Chitra Srikrishna is a Carnatic singer from Bangalore. Her website can be found at Here.